Algerian Baklava

For The Dough

4 cups flour

1 teaspoon salt

1 1/3 cups tepid water

1/4 cup olive oil

Directions

Sift flour and salt into a mixing bowl and add the water with oil.

Stir until forms soft dough, then knead in the bowl about 10 minutes.

Dough will feel sticky at first, but kneading, it should develop into a dough that becomes smooth and satiny.

When well mixed and smooth, wrap pastry in plastic wrap and leave it to rest at room temperature about one hour.

If not all the dough is being used right away, wrap the unused portion and keep chilled in the fridge up to a week.

Always bring to room temp before using.

Divide the pastry into 12 equal portions, shaping them into smooth balls.

Cover with a cloth, except the one you're working with.

Take a ball of dough, and shape it into a square.

Place it on a lightly floured surface, and roll into a 6 inch square using rolling pin, (or pass through a pasta roller until thin.)

Dust again with flour.

FILLING:

18 ounces chopped nuts, use almonds, walnuts, pecans, peanuts (your choice)

128 g granulated sugar

1/4 teaspoon ground cinnamon

1 teaspoon vanilla sugar

2 teaspoons melted ghee

155 ml orange flower water (mazhar)

For the Syrup

310-620 ml honey

155-310 ml orange flower water

310 ml extra of melted ghee, to brush the pastry with and enough whole nuts to decorate each piece of baklava.

In a saucepan, melt the ghee on a medium heat. Brush a tray with ghee using the pastry brush.

Lay a first strip of phyllo pastry vertically in the center of the tray. Brush the pastry with the melted ghee.

Repeat the dough rolling process. Cover the tray with phyllo, remembering to brush with ghee after each strip. You should be able to do this with 5 strips.

Turn the tray round so that you're placing the phyllo strips horizontally over vertical strips. This crisscross is very important.

Continue rolling the pastry and layering the tray. Brushing with the ghee after each strip, continue doing this until you have done 5 layers.

To prepare the nut filling. With a food processor and chop up the nuts.

Place the nuts in a mixing bowl and add the sugar, cinnamon, vanilla powder and mazhar - enough mazhar to make the filling to just form a smooth ball.

Place filling in the tray over the pastry, gently smoothing it out - but don't press it.

Repeat the dough rolling, layer, until you have 6 layers, brushing with the ghee.

When you've finished the 5th layer you can choose to do the top layer. Roll out one large sheet by hand.

If you want to try rolling out a sheet, remember to cover the dough, rolling pin, surface, your hands  etcetera in loads of corn flour. Then roll out the tray size, plus 2cm extra.

Now you need to cut the baklava and decorate.

Take your knife and cut vertical straight lines all the way to the bottom. (Approx. 2cm apart) then spin the tray round and cut more lines, diagonally to form diamond shapes. You can also make squares or triangles, but traditional Algerian baklava are diamonds, you may want to push a whole nut into each shape.

Brush well with the ghee and place in a pre-heated oven at 180 c for 1 hour - 1 hour 10 minutes.

The baklava should be golden and now needs it syrup: Warm the honey and mazhar in the saucepan then pour slowly over the baklava.

Allow to sit for 10 minutes, then cut out pieces and place in paper cases - preferably the metallic ones as they hold the syrup better.

WARNING: DO NOT PUSH, PULL INSTEAD, CULINARY JOURNEY CONTINUES

WARNING: DO NOT PUSH, PULL INSTEAD PART 1    

        

We have seen some of the really great things of St.Louis, gooey butter cake, The Arch, The Hill yet we have yet to discuss two other very important areas to St. Louis lifestyle, and fortunately they good absolutely hand in hand. They are course barbecue and beer.  So lets take a look at these.

BARBECUE ST. LOUIS STYLE

Barbecue, BBQ, bar-b-q no matter how you say it the one thing you must say it is so good. Many believe grilling is barbecue, simply it is not, grillings is in essence fast cooking over high heat, barbecue is the completely the opposite, slow slow cooking with a very low heat source. Barbecue is given as a slang for any outdoor gathering, although these parties generally are more grilling events than a barbecuing event as none is usually served except maybe in the South and yes St. Louis is considered the south, even though it is above the Mason Dixon line..

Barbecue didn't actually begin in the south in fact, no one can really say where it began, perhaps with neanderthal man slowly roasting his meal of the day over the fire he just discovered as a use for flavoring that dinner. That course is the purpose of barbecue to use smoke from hard or fruit woods to place an essence within the meat. Marinated or not, rubbed with secret spice blends or commercially prepared ones the smoke is the most important ingredient in great barbecue (next to the item being smoked of course).  The making of beef jerky is barbecuing, smoked salmon,barbecuing, spit roasting, barbecuing, Hawaiian luau is a barbecue, pit cooking, barbecuing so there are many types of barbecuing it is the perfecting of it that makes it great.

Most barbecues that we know today has a wonderful history and the history is usually traceable to the new American's that settled in an area. It may have been introduced to the Americas from the Caribbean or from Europeans from Germany and France, certainly native Americans had some kind of barbecuing already here upon the arrival of the Mayflower.

Barbecue has adapted to the taste of the area as the people moved in and out. North Carolina serves a different style than South Carolina, St. Louis differs from Kansas City even though they just a few miles from one another. Louisiana will swear theirs is better than that found in Texas and vice versa.  Spices from African influences, chilies from Latin America, tomatoes (once discovered they were not poisonous) mustard, molasses and pure cane sugar and even good ole Kentucky bourbon all found their way into the creation of barbecue. The Germans introduced slow smoking pickled meats served along with a spicy coleslaw and German potato salad. The French and or the Germans brought mustard. Civil war cooks were able to barbecue to feed the war weary.  Beef, chicken, pig sausages vegetables all are barbecue and barbecue can be you too, or at least within you.

The discussion of barbecue is best had as we arrive in the state or area so that is what we will do as we continue on our culinary journey. So we can look forward to much BBQ the foremost regions would be: Alabama,  Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Texas, so clearly our cruise is going to be delicious.

If you love barbecue sauce, then certainly St. Louis is the city to visit, it has the unofficial label of the city where the most BBQ sauce is consumed. The sauce here is generally a tomato based sauce, somewhat  sweet, tangy containing spices and vinegar, but without the addition of liquid smoke (invented in Kansas City by a local pharmacist. Perhaps we should write on the history of some these stables we now use without a second thought, Worcestershire, Soy, Tabasco, A1 Sauce, HP Sauce etc. ) St. Louis ribs are of course named for the city, these larger ribs are spare ribs with the sternum bone, cartilage and rib tips removed. The rib tips are favorites of restaurants and pubs  as appetizers and buffet offerings also slow smoked and slathered with BBQ sauce.

Another unique and delicious BBQ item that seems local to St. Louis (but with some searching can be found in Atlanta and Memphis on Beale St. ) is a dish called Crispy Snoots, the meat of a pigs snoot and cheeks, boiled, braised, fried or smoked then given a huge dose of sauce and served as a sandwich. Try them at Smoki Os on N. Broadway, here you can get both the tips and snoots on one plate, a BBQ treat for sure. Like all great BBQ houses many have house made sausages which are smoked and grilled, chicken cooked to perfection, brisket and of course the pulled pork.

Let's get back to the ribs and try to explain the differences which seemly are confusing as to what one should get into the smoker.

First side ribs or spare ribs, are ribs, cut from the side or under belly of the hog with longer, wider bones and are fatty as they are found in the same area that bacon is cut from. They tend to be tougher than back ribs so require a longer cooking time to get them to be  tender.

St. Louis ribs are also side ribs, but have been cut down to five inches in length and have had the sternum bone, cartilage and rib tips removed.

Back ribs, cut from the loin section of the hog where the muscle gets less stress and therefore the meat is more tender.  The area provides cuts such as the tenderloin, loin, center cut loin chops etc. Generally they are cut 3 to 6 inches long, are very tender and the "tail" or "tips" have been removed. This is a small 3 inch piece of meat and bone at the back end of the rib "rack" which contains small bones and or cartilage.  

Baby back, Canadian back ribs or Danish back ribs are exactly the same as back ribs, but given another name for marketing purposes. Danish back ribs are so named as they are imports of back ribs from Denmark, which supplies 10% of all Europe's pork production.  Back ribs are not as popular in Europe as North America so the Danish found a welcoming market in North America. Canadian ribs, again are simply back ribs imported from Canada, because both Danish and Canadian are imported, frozen products they may be less expensive than fresh, but the quality should be good, keep in mind however "fresh is best".

Boneless Back Ribs, some butchers are marketing a product called boneless back ribs, this is a deceptive marketing practice as the meat is simply loin meat taken from the trimming of the back rib. Do not buy and stop shopping at a market which lies to their customers.

Ribletes or Button Ribs, generally speaking a riblet are ribs which have been trimmed to 2 inches long they are not rib tips. They are a flat strip of meat with round bones, 1/4" thick, 6" long, 1 1/2" wide, cut from the sides of the hog's spine the rearmost rib.

Cooking your ribs: No matter what "style" of ribs you may want to explore there are certain hard and fast rules you cannot omit if you want a superior product. You will need:

A good slab of ribs, baby back ribs should have 13 ribs, some butchers and inferior restaurants will serve 8 count "cheater" racks, racks are any count less than the full slab. It is advisable to check and be sure you are getting what you are paying for, you can expect to see 1/4, 1/3, 1/2 and full racks on menus and the menu price should  reflect the size, but for home buy full slabs. We St. Louis style ribs count 4-6 ribs per person when serving other main dishes (like BBQ chicken) and sides, 8 ribs if they are the star of the show.

You will need a good rib rub, a blend of herbs, spices, salt and sugar, I give you one that follows so look out below.

Fuel for the smoker, hardwood charcoal is best, (you can use your gas/charcoal grill to convert to a smoker) and soaked wood chunks for flavoring the ribs.

Two thermometers, a really good meat thermometer, it becomes you assurance when the ribs are perfectly done, no guess work with it, also a oven thermometer to place inside the smoker to be sure you are maintaining the ideal temperature there as well.

Barbecue sauce, of course, I will list a couple of mine, but why not create your own.

Prepare your smoker so that you will be able to add the charcoal and flavoring wood, you need to maintain a heat of 225F (1007C) for 6 hours. Use a charcoal chimney to light your smoker and never ever use liquid charcoal starter, it will give a horrible oily taste to your smoked food items.

Now you want the prepare the ribs, place them bone side up,  the membrane will allow the flavors from smoke and seasoning to flavor the ribs, but if left on will be like a piece of rubber on your meat as it cooks slowly in the smoker so it is important to remove it.  The membrane if on all ribs and need to be removed on St. Louis ribs, remove the thick piece of flap meat (you can smoke them as an additional treat.) Slide a small knife under the first bone and the membrane, gently lift the membrane now you should be able to pull the membrane right down the ribs removing it in one sheet if possible.

Now you need to make your rib rub and do exactly that, rub the spice into the ribs, both sides.

3 tablespoons kosher salt

4 tablespoons packed dark brown sugar

2 tablespoons chili powder

2 tablespoons smoked paprika

1 1/2 teaspoons freshly ground black pepper

1 teaspoon ground cumin

1 teaspoon garlic powder

1 teaspoon ground mustard

1/2 teaspoon each of onion powder, basil leaves, thyme leaves, oregano leaves, cayenne pepper

Blend it well together, I like to grind it fine in a coffee mill.

Place the rubbed ribs in the center of the smoker so that the air flows evenly around them, cook for two hours, remove and wrap in foil. Return to the smoker  and continue to cook for an additional 3 hours. Remove the wrap. Add more wood to the smoker and continue to cook for an additional 1 hour or until your meat thermometer reads at 190F. Be sure the thermometer is in the thickest part of the meat and not touching a bone.

Here is a chart for smoking most proteins:

Product                 Internal Temperature                    Cooking Temperature

Pork                     185-190 F                                             175-200 F            

Brisket                  180-185 F                                             175-200 F

Ribs                      190-195 F                                             200-225 F

Chicken                175-180 F                                             250-275 F

Turkey                  165-175 F                                             250-275 F

It is important to learn the difference when your product is "done" and when it is "ready" some guidelines suggest a product is done when it reaches a temperature well below that of the serving or ready temperature. Government charts tell you the ribs are done at 145F but they will be tough and not edible, they are ready at the stated cooking temperature.  Ribs should never be fall off the bone tender (this means someone boiled or steamed the ribs)  if you cooked your ribs to the ready temperature the meat will come cleanly off the bone with a single bite, they will be moist and flavorful sometimes so good no sauce is required.

Speaking of sauce, you sauce your ribs only for the last 20 minutes of cooking, Most sauces contain a large amount of sugar, with a short cooking time it will caramelize on your food however over long  cooking time the sugar burns leaving a very unpleasant taste. So sauce only for the last 20 minutes of cooking and 1 final time just before serving.

ST. LOUIS BBQ SAUCE

2 cups ketchup

1/2 cup water

1/3 cup apple cider vinegar

1/3 cup brown sugar

2 tablespoons yellow mustard

1 tablespoon each onion powder, garlic powder,  mild chili powder

1/2 teaspoon each of basil, thyme, oregano, cayenne pepper, paprika

Preparation:

Combine all ingredients in a saucepan over a low heat. Stirring occasionally and simmer for 20 minutes. The sauce should be thin, but not watery. Allow to cool. Store in an airtight container and refrigerate.

7 UP BBQ SAUCE

This sweeter than most St. Louis BBQ Sauce but it is so good.

2 cups                   500 ml                   chili sauce

3 cups                   750 ml                   catsup

1 cup                     250 ml                  brown sugar

2 cups                   500 ml                   7 UP® soft drink beverage (do not use diet)

2 tsp                      10 ml                    black pepper

1 tsp                      5 ml                      each of white pepper, garlic granules, onion powder

½ tsp                     3 ml                      cayenne pepper

1 tsp                      5 ml                      each of dried basil leaves, thyme leaves, oregano leaves

2 tbsp                    30 ml                    mustard

3 tbsp                    45 ml                    honey

In a food processor, combine all the ingredients thoroughly. Pour into a mixing bowl and reserve. 

WARNING: DO NOT PUSH, PULL INSTEAD PART 2

We really need to examine just a few more in the St. Louis BBQ what we haven't examined yet is what is becoming more popular than the ribs themselves. Ribs are becoming a costly meal, especially when dining out, the answer to the ribs is going kind of boneless (less messy) that  is pulled pork. Why? To answer that we have to go way back in barbecue history.

The name barbecue is hidden in mystery (we will examine it further in a later writing) but what is not hidden is the use of the hog in barbecue cookery. Prior to the Civil War people of the south consumed an average of 5 pounds of pork per every 1 pound of beef, it was an inexpensive protein to consume, easy to raise and when you could not raise them you certainly find wild ones that could be hunted. However the meat is tough, so ways to tenderize to meat became important, long, slow cooking was the choice for those who wanted to consume the fresh meat, curing it was the way to go for storing the meat as refrigeration  was a non option.

The term "pulled pork" is most likely a term that originally meant party time, the Cajun, "cochon de lait, is a party in which a whole hog is slowly cooked, then when ready is placed on a serving table where the party goers could pick away at the delicious cooked meat throughout the day or night. The gathering itself  became known as a "Pork Pickin or a Pork Pull" and quickly became standard for church groups, rallies, or any event that the common man would attend. Along with the BBQ'd hog, "tater salad" corn on the cob, coleslaw, and "hush puppies" rounded out the cuisine of the Pork Pickin.

The hush puppy is simply a cornbread fritter that has become the a standard side dish served with any barbecue. The name is said to have come from men and women who daily gathered for an evening meal  at which the pork was served along with the fried cornbread. Bits of the fritters were supposedly tossed to the dogs that came with their owners to hush they're barking. Another story is that Civil War soldiers would toss the fried bits to Confederate dogs again in quite the barking, these dogs quickly were labeled "hushpuppies." So important are hushpuppies to southern cookery that a barbecue id considered incomplete without them.  The battered varies from cook to cook, of course, and before it is fried it can be cooked on a flat top or in a cast iron pan in pancake fashion giving it names like hoecakes, Johnny cakes, Journey cakes, or corn pone, in fact Americans first President, George Washington's favorite breakfast is said to be hoecakes dripping with butter and honey.

Back to the making of pulled pork, the same rules apply as we stated in cooking ribs, most important is the need of a meat thermometer so that their exact temperature is reached.

Purchase a 10 or 11 pound Boston Butt and removed any thick layers of fat, but try to keep the trim to 1/4 inch thick, as this keeps the pork moist while cooking. Rinse it off well and dry it as much as possible.

 Use a mixture of:

1 cup water

1/4 cup white vinegar

1 tablespoon liquid smoke

3 tablespoons paprika

1 1/2 tablespoons dry mustard

1 tablespoon onion powder

1 tablespoon garlic powder

1 tablespoon ground basil

1 tablespoon red pepper

2 teaspoons black pepper

Preparation:

Combine all ingredients.

With a meat injector, inject the mixture slowly into several areas of the roast, or just marinate at least 8 hours.

 Rub it down with a very thin coating of Dijon Mustard.

Now, rub it down with a fairly heavy coating the same rub listed for the ribs.Place in the center of a preheated smoker with a fresh addition of your favorite wood piece. And when the temperature stabilizes at 200 to 220℉, place the roast, fat side up, smoke until the thermometer reads 180F, this may 10-14 hours but do not remove it until the reads correctly then it’s ready to come out of the smoker,  “Pull” the pork while the meat is hot. Add your own favorite BBQ sauce.℉, it’s ready to come out of the smoker,  “Pull” the pork while the meat is hot. Add your own favorite BBQ sauce..

Serve as a hot entree, as a sandwich topped with coleslaw in a fresh toasted hamburger bun or in any fashion you may enjoy.

HUSHPUPPIES

2 eggs, beaten

1/2 cup white sugar

1 large onion, diced

1 cup self-rising flour

1 cup self-rising cornmeal

1/2 cup frozen peas or corn kernels

1 quart oil for frying

DIRECTIONS:

In a medium bowl, mix together eggs, sugar, and onion. Blend in flour and cornmeal.  Fold in the peas or corn.

Heat 2 inches of oil to 365 degrees F (185 degrees C). Drop batter by rounded teaspoonfuls in hot oil, and fry until golden brown. Cook in small batches to maintain oil temperature. Drain briefly on paper towels. Serve hot.

COLESLAW

4 cups shredded cabbage

2 tablespoons grated white onions

1 cup carrot ( shredded or grated)

2 tablespoons distilled white vinegar

2/3 cup mayonnaise

2 tablespoons sugar

1/2 teaspoon fine white pepper

1/2 teaspoon salt

1/2 teaspoon poppy seeds

Directions

Prepare the vegetables by slicing, shredding or grating very thin.

Toss the vegetable ingredients to mix well.

Prepare the dressing by whisking together the vinegar, mayonnaise, sugar, pepper , salt and poppy seeds.

Fold the dressing into the tossed vegetables and refrigerate, covered, for at least 2 hours.

May be made ahead. Toss occasionally to keep the dressing distributed over the vegetables.

POTATO SALAD

8              8              large potatoes

1              1              head of garlic

¼ lb        115 g         bacon

1 tbsp    15 ml          safflower oil

2 tbsp    30 ml          vinegar

3              3              chopped green onions

5              5              diced radishes

2              2              diced celery stalks

1 cup     250 ml        Mayonnaise (follows)

1 tbsp    15 ml          mustard

3              3              chopped hard cooked eggs

1 tsp      5 ml            salt

½ tsp     3 ml            white pepper

Preheat the oven to 450F (220C).

Wash, prick with a fork and foil wrap the potatoes. Bake the potatoes and garlic until tender, (time depends upon the size of the potatoes). Cool to room temperature. Pare the potatoes and dice coarsely. Peel the garlic and mash.

Dice the bacon and fry until crisp. Drain the excess fat and reserve the meat.

Place the potatoes in a large mixing bowl. Sprinkle with the oil and vinegar. Stir in the onions, radishes and celery.

In a small mixing bowl, blend the Mayonnaise, mashed garlic, mustard, eggs, salt and pepper. Fold into the potatoes, along with the bacon. Serve as required.

SERVES 6

                MAYONNAISE

½ tsp                     3 ml        prepared Dijon mustard

½ tsp                     3 ml        granulated sugar

1/8 tsp                  pinch       cayenne pepper

1                              1          egg yolk

1 tbsp                    15 ml      lemon juice

2/3 cup                 170 ml     olive oil

Blend the mustard, sugar and pepper together.

Beat in the egg yolk thoroughly, add the lemon juice blending completely. Beat in the oil a few drops at a time until the sauce is very thick.

CULINARY CURISE CONTINUES OVER HILL, OVER DALE, TOASTED RAVIOLI WE GO

                                                               ART BY COJANA SMITH

Staying in St. Louis is always complicated as there are so many great hotels, my favorite however is the

Mayfair, I love old historic places especially hotels. Their histories and culinary offerings set the standards for which all others strive to achieve.  I began my career at such hotels (Jasper Park Lodge, Jasper, Alberta and The Marlborough Hotel in Winnipeg.)  Historic hotels have great personalities whereas most modern hotels are cookie cutter styling the old hotels spoke of elegance, class and the highest quality. The Mayfair is one such hotel, the choice of actors, actresses, Presidents  what is exactly what the owner Charles Hess wanted as his clientele, only the finest for his customer no matter their standing, if they stayed at the Mayfair then the experience stayed with them due to service that
exceeded even the wildest expectation.  These historic hotels became so in cuisine as well,  may create dishes that are held by chefs as the standard today, some one hundred years later are still the standard. The Mayfair's contribution is a dressing known simply as Mayfair dressing, a versatile condiment that is excellent on salads, with fried foods, fish, chicken and seafood.

Every major community has special areas settled by those coming from other countries in search of a better life for their children and their children. Many cities today are so multinational that a visitor can experience the world just by visiting the neighborhoods. St. Louis, of course, is no different the foreign influences are rooted deep within Oriental , German, Polish, Mexican, Irish all are part of the makeup of this great city.  There is one community, however that has truly made an international name for itself, that being the Italian community.

"The Hill" a delicious area of dining and entertaining and a must visit when in St. Louis in fact you haven't experienced the city without visiting the hill.

The Hill has some of the finest Italian restaurants not only in St. Louis but in America. The neighborhood can be located just off the Interstate 44 along Shaw Ave. Bordered by  Lilly Ave. and MacKind Ave.  contains immaculate prewar homes, various shops, bakeries, tattorias and of course the restaurants. The Italian food here is that kind that warms the heart and the stomach, for the family or the romantic The Hill has something for everyone. Famous waiters Yogi Berra and Joe Garagiola are from the hill, they lived on the same street across from each other, sure they were famous baseball players but they were waiters before the baseball careers. Joe's brother Mickey was actually the first to experience what would become one of St. Louis' gifts to the world, that being the toasted ravioli. Mickey was seated at the bar in Oldani's (now Mama's On The Hill) when chef Fritz accidentally dropped the little pillows of pasta into hot oil instead of hot water, Mickey ate them instead of tossing them out and declared them a hit, soon thereafter every restaurant on the Hill served toasted ravioli and now are found on menus throughout the world. Depending on the region the ravioli are filled with what is local to the area,seafood in the northeast,chicken in the southwest, beef and cheese on the prairies. The ravioli are lightly breaded then deep fried, served with marinara sauce and garnished with fresh Parmesan cheese.

Did you know the hot dog on a bun, hamburger in a bun, cotton candy, peanut butter, Dr. Pepper and canned chili are all foods that were created in St. Louis.

Next St. Louis Barbecue.

TOASTED RAVIOLI WITH TOMATO CREAM SAUCE

1 quantity          Tomato Pasta Dough (follows)

1 tbsp   15 ml    olive oil

¾ lb      345 g    shredded beef chuck

2 oz      60 g      minced prosciutto 

3          3          eggs

½ tsp    3 ml      each of basil and oregano

½ cup   125 ml  freshly grated Romano cheese

1/2 cup 125 ml milk

1 cup    250 ml  flour

2 cups  500 ml  fine bread crumbs seasoned

4 cups  1L         vegetable oil

For Sauce

2 tbsp   30 ml    butter

2 tbsp   30 ml    flour, all purpose

1 cup    250 ml  half & half cream

2 cups  500 ml  fresh marinara sauce

Process the pasta as directed. Roll out into thin sheets. Cover with a moist cloth until required.

Heat the oil in a skillet and brown the beef. Drain oil and allow the beef to cool in a large mixing bowl. Blend into the cooled beef the prosciutto, 1 egg, seasonings and cheese.

Place tablespoon amounts of filling evenly over a sheet of dough, moisten the dough surrounding the filling with a little water. Place a second sheet of dough over the first. Cut between the filling with a scalloped edge pastry cutter. Freeze for 1 hour.

Mix the milk with the remaining 2 eggs.

Dip the ravioli into the flour, then the egg mixture and into the bread crumbs. Place back in the freezer for another hour or until required.

Heat the vegetable oil to 350F, fry the ravioli in small batches, Serve with hot with the sauce.

For the sauce:

In a sauce pan, heat the butter, add the flour and cook for 2 minutes over low heat. Add the cream and simmer into a very thick sauce. Whip in the Marinara, simmer for 20 minutes..   

SERVES 6

TOMATO PASTA DOUGH

2          2          eggs

¼ cup   60 ml    tomato paste

1 tbsp   15 ml    olive oil

2 cups  500 ml  semolina flour

ice water, only if required

Blend the eggs, tomato paste and oil together. Place in a mixing bowl. Slowly add the flour. Knead into a smooth ball (add ice water if required), Knead the dough for 15 minutes and allow to rest for an additional 15 minutes. Roll out the dough. Lightly dust with flour, fold in three, and roll out again. Repeat 6 to 8 times.

Now pass the dough through the pasta machine setting the rollers gradually down until you reach the desired thickness. The result should be a smooth sheet of dough ready to process as you require.

Pass through a pasta machine, or cut by hand to desired size. If processed by hand, simply roll the dough and cut into thin strips for noodles (fettucini) or into wider strips for lasagna, cannelloni, ravioli, etc.

Process as any of our recipes direct.

NOTE:  Use only enough flour to prevent sticking while rolling.

MAYFAIR DRESSING

1/2 chopped large onion,

1 stalk celery,

1 clove, peeled garlic,

2 -[2oz] cans flat anchovies,

4 whole fresh, cold egg yolks,

1 cup corn oil

1 cup extra virgin olive oil

1/4 cup sparkling wine or champagne,

2 tablespoons prepared mustard,

1 tsp cracked black pepper

In a food processor, add the onion, celery and garlic and puree. Add the anchovies and egg yolks, then with the machine running, add the oils very slowly to emulsify.  Finally, add the wine, mustard and pepper, blend for 1 minute or until very smooth. Taste and adjust seasoning with salt. Reserve and store refrigerated for up 7 days. Yields 3 cups.

CK’s Dr, Pepper & Jack BBQ Sauce

1 cup Dr. Pepper soda

1 pound fresh peaches

3/4 cup chopped sweet onion such as Vidalia

1 1/2 tablespoons minced fresh jalapeño with seeds

1 tablespoon canola oil

1/4cup cider vinegar

1/4 cup Jack Daniels Sour Mash bourbon

2 tablespoons Dijon mustard

3/4 teaspoon light brown sugar

2 Tbsp Chef K Seasonings

Heat the soda in a small sauce pan and reduce to 1/3rd cup.

Coarsely chop the peaches.

Cook onion, jalapeño, and a pinch of kosher salt in oil in a heavy medium saucepan over medium heat, stirring occasionally, until softened, 8 to 10 minutes. Add reduce Dr.Pepper, the peaches and remaining ingredients and simmer, uncovered, stirring occasionally, until peaches are very tender, about 30 minutes.

Purée in a blender (use caution when blending hot liquids).

Here is the bun, but read up on the Perfect Hamburger at http://chefk.blogspot.ca/2013/09/the-prefect-hamburger.html

Dough Enhancer

1 cup wheat gluten

1/2 cup diastatic malt powder

2 tablespoons lecithin granules

1 teaspoon ascorbic acid crystals

2 tablespoons powdered pectin

2 tablespoons unflavored gelatin

1/2 cup nonfat dry milk

1 teaspoon powdered ginger

Mix together and store in an airtight container in the refrigerator. For 100% whole grain breads, use 3

Tablespoons per loaf. Add to your recipe along with the flour.

Burger Buns 

Makes 8 /4-inch to 5-inch burger buns

1 cup warm water

3 tablespoons warm milk

2 teaspoons active dry yeast

2 1/2 tablespoons sugar

2 large eggs

3 cups bread flour

1/3 cup all-purpose flour

2 tablespoons dough enhancer (above)

1 1/2 teaspoons salt

2 1/2 tablespoons unsalted butter, softened

Black and white sesame seeds and/or poppy seeds (optional)

DIRECTIONS:

1. In a glass measuring cup, combine one cup warm water, the milk, yeast and sugar. Let stand until foamy, about five minutes. Meanwhile, beat one egg.

2. In a large bowl, whisk flours and dough enhancer with salt. Add butter and rub into flour between your fingers, making crumbs. Using a dough scraper, stir in yeast mixture and beaten egg until a dough forms. Scrape dough onto clean, well-floured counter and knead, scooping dough up, slapping it on the counter and turning it, until smooth and elastic, 8 to 10 minutes. (You may also use a stand mixer for this, eliminating the need for a bench scraper. You want the dough to remain slightly tacky, as the more flour you add, the tougher they will be when baked.

3. Shape dough into a ball and return it to the bowl. Cover bowl with plastic wrap and let rise in a warm place until doubled in bulk, 1 to 2 hours.

4. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper. Using a dough scraper, divide dough into 8 equal parts. Gently roll each into a ball and arrange two to three inches apart on baking sheet. Cover loosely with a piece of plastic wrap lightly coated with nonstick spray and let buns rise in a warm place for 1 to 2 hours.

5. Set a large shallow pan of water on the oven floor. Preheat oven to 400 degrees with rack in center. Beat remaining egg with 1 tablespoon water and brush some on top of buns. Sprinkle with sesame seeds ( I used both sesame and poppy seeds), if using. Bake, turning sheet halfway through baking, until tops are golden brown, about 15 minutes. Transfer to a rack to cool completely.

REALLY GOOD CHILI

900 g (2 lbs) lean ground beef

45 ml (3 tbsp) safflower oil

2 jalapeños, seeded, diced

1 Spanish onion, diced

500 ml (2 cups) tomatoes, peeled, seeded, diced

250 ml (1 cup) beef broth

500 ml (2 cups) V-8 juice

15 ml(1 tbsp)cumin

15 ml (1 tbsp) chili powder

5 ml (1 tsp) salt

375 ml (1 1/2 cups) cheddar cheese, grated

Tortilla chips

In a Dutch oven or a large kettle, fry the beef in the oil.  Add the pepper and onion.  Sauté until tender.

Add the tomatoes, broth, juice and seasonings.  Bring to a boil.  Reduce heat and simmer for 35 minutes.

Pour chili into bowls, garnish with tortillas and cheese and serve.

CUISINE CRUISE ST.LOUIS

GO SOUTH YOUNG MAN, OLD MAN ANY MAN

Chicago is great anyone would be right in staying there for a long vacation or forever, but we must proceed on, leave the great lake and head south. Our destination is St. Louis, MO. You'll drive mostly the interstate 55 south, passing through Joliet, Bloomington, Springfield once you get to Collinsville you're just 12 minutes to downtown St. Louis. Here you find the Worlds largest Catsup Bottle 170 ft. The tall water tower was built in 1949 by the W.E. Caldwell Company for the G.S.

Suppiger catsup bottling plant - bottlers of Brooks old original rich & tangy catsup. In August of 2002 the bottle was named to the National Register of Historic Places. Brooks Tangy Old Original Catsup once made at the bottling plant here is still available in supermarkets in the St. Louis area so be sure to pick up a supply during your visit.

Driving the final 12 miles into downtown St. Louis can be a little tricky as here several interstate highways meet, 55 meets up with the 44 southwest, the 70 North and the 64 heading northwest to Kansas City.  Of course the main attraction of the downtown core is the Gateway Arch kind of a doorway to the west, is the tallest man-made monument in the United States (630 feet high) that's three and three quarters the

height of Niagara Falls.

Beginning with an idea in 1933 by Luther Smith, the arch was meant to be the crown jewel of the St. Louis downtown core and waterfront, it took a while to build through many trials and a war but the arch was complete and ready to greet the public June 10th 1967. You may take a special cable type car to the top and enjoy the spectacular views of the city and the Mississippi, waterfront and river, you will have to lie on your belly along the window ledge to see the views, but they are well worthwhile even for a person my size, not flattering but you're experiencing a great view.

Once you leave the arch hurry over to 10st and into Park Avenue Coffee for a true St. Louis treat, your own slice of a "Gooey Butter Cake, " they say they have 76 flavors of this dense yellow coffee cake.  Strangely, you can get a slice of this special cake in bakery, markets and restaurants throughout St. Louis yet outside the city it has hardly even been heard of. It is said to have begun (like many great dishes) as a mistake in a bakery during the depression era, one butter was exchanged for another, the cake is a yeast raised with rich buttery topping. Although there is a cheat version using yellow cake mix and cream cheese it is not the St. Louis Gooey Butter cake. This truly is a must try in the city, see recipe below.

If coffee and Gooey Butter Cake isn't your what your in the mood for then maybe you should go for pizza, not just any pizza but St. Louis pizza. Where Chicago loves the deep dish pizza, St. Louis has a passion for a thin crust style pizza topped with an oregano tomato sauce and Provel cheese. What is Provel cheese you ask (so did I when I moved to Missouri) well it is a cheese unique to the city. More often than not the St. Louis pizza is baked in a rectangle shape and then cut into squares, thus allowing the pizza to be heavily coated with various toppings and the Provel cheese.

The cheese is said to be a blend of cheddar, Swiss and Provolone developed in the 1940's by Roma Grocery (then known as Costa Grocery) with the assistance of the Hoffman Dairy of Wisconsin. Now the cheese is produced by a Kraft owned company. This cheese is excellent in soups, sauces and pasta dishes, but is absolutely needful in the making of the famous St. Louis Gerber sandwich. A french loaf is spread with garlic butter, topped with ham and Provel then sprinkled with paprika before it is broiled to perfection.  Another (perhaps more famous) sandwich in the St. Louis area is the Prosperity Sandwich, said to be a snub at  President Hoover's constant Depression-era promise that "prosperity is just around the corner" the sandwich is served open faced and hot. Believed to be a St. Louis answer to the Kentucky Hot Brown sandwich. If you're really in a mood for a different sandwich, then try the other of the St. Louis sandwiches called the St. Paul. This is a sandwich offering from Chinese restaurants, made with mung bean egg foo young, a hamburger patty, mayonnaise, lettuce, onion and dill pickle. Some use chopped shrimp, cooked pork, turkey or chicken instead of the hamburger patty, then all is placed between two slices of very fresh (soft) white bread (not toasted). Said to created by Steven Yuen at Park Chop Suey in Lafayette Square in the 1940's to attract Americans into his restaurant , it is said he named his sandwich after his home town St. Paul Minnesota.

Do you know what Patent #DRP 37435 refers to, well if you visit the Kemp Auto Museum in St. Louis you will find out (It is the first German patent for the motor car), here you will find the finest collection of the world's best cars, it houses a premium Mercedes Benz display of cars in one location. Leaving the car museum you will want to head over to Ted Drewes Frozen Custard and enjoy a "concrete", the forerunner of Dairy Queen's Blizzard the Concrete is a mixture of frozen custard mixed with your choice of candy, fruit, or nuts. Frozen custard was a Coney Island treat that became a quickly sought after treat Ted Drewe open his first store in 1930 and has operated a location since. Frozen custard is a mixture of 18% and 35% creams (AKA half & half cream and whipping cream), egg yolks, sugar, and flavorings (much like French vanilla ice cream) whipped like ice cream, but incorporating less air than ice cream but more air than sherbet.

Gooey Butter Cake

For the cake

3 tablespoons milk at room temperature

1 3/4 teaspoons active dry yeast

6 tablespoons unsalted butter at room temperature

3 tablespoons sugar

1 teaspoon kosher salt

1 large egg

1 3/4 cups all-purpose flour

For the topping

3 tablespoons plus 1 teaspoon light corn syrup

2 1/2 teaspoons vanilla extract

12 tablespoons (1 1/2 sticks) unsalted butter, at room temperature

1 1/2 cups sugar

1/2 teaspoon kosher salt

1 large egg

1 cup plus 3 tablespoons all-purpose flour

Confectioners’ sugar, for garnishing

Make the cake dough: In a small bowl, mix milk with 2 tablespoons warm water. Add yeast and whisk gently until it dissolves allow to rest until the yeast becomes foamy.

Cream the butter, sugar and salt, scrape down sides of bowl and beat in the egg. Alternately add flour and the milk mixture in equal thirds, scraping down sides of bowl between each addition.  Knead the dough into a smooth dough, about 10 minutes.

Press the dough into a greased 9x 13x2-inch baking dish. Cover dish with plastic wrap or a clean tea towel, put in a warm place, and allow to rise until doubled in size, 1 1/2 to 2 hours.

Make the gooey topping: Heat oven to 350 degrees. To prepare topping, in a small bowl, whisk corn syrup with 2 tablespoons water and the vanilla. Cream the butter, sugar and salt until light. Scrape down sides of bowl and beat in the egg. Alternate adding the flour and corn syrup mixture again in thirds, scraping down sides of bowl between each addition.

Spoon the topping in large dollops over the risen cake and spread it in an even layer. Bake for 30 to 45 minutes, the cake will rise and falling slightly in the center and have a golden brown top, but will still be liquid in the center when done. Allow to cool in pan before sprinkling with confectioners’ sugar for serving.

Before you head to the "Hill" you may need another product invented in St. Louis to help you enjoy dinner and that is Tums. Jim Howe, a pharmacist in St. Louis, Missouri, developed Tums in the basement of his home while treating his wife's indigestion, while on a cruise some passengers experienced indigestion Mr. Howe gave them his tablets and the were a huge hit giving Tums the exposure they needed and resulting that they are now the number one  choice of the people today, available in assorted sizes and flavors.

In our next writing we will continue in St. Louis looking at barbecue, the Hill and of course more beer.

ST. LOUIS STYLE PIZZA

2 cups all-purpose flour plus 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour

1/2 teaspoon salt

1 teaspoon baking powder

2 teaspoons olive oil

2 teaspoons dark corn syrup

1/2 cup water plus 2 tablespoons water

Sauce

16 ounces whole tomatoes (diced into fine pieces)

6 ounces tomato paste

1 1/2 tablespoons sugar

1 teaspoon crushed basil

1/2 teaspoon salt

1/4 teaspoon thyme

Cheese

2 cups of Provel cheese, shredded  or the cheese mixture listed below.

Italian Seasoning

2 teaspoons oregano

2 teaspoons basil

1 teaspoon thyme

Directions:

Crust: Mix until thoroughly combined - Divide the dough in half, shape into a round ball and roll out paper thin.

Sauce: Combine together and it's ready to use - do not pre-cook the sauce! This Makes enough sauce for about four (4) 12" pizza pies, so that should give you some idea of how much to use on each pizza.

Cheese: Toss until cheeses and smoke flavoring are completely incorporated. Typically it's enough cheese for two (2) 12" pizza pies, but if you like extra-cheese you'll want to make more.

Seasonings: Combine all the ingredients in a small mixing bowl and blend well. Sprinkle on the cheese.

Bake in a preheated 450 F oven for 10-12 minutes, remove from oven slice into squares and serve.

Cheese Mixture:

1 cup white cheddar cheese, shredded

1/2 cup swiss cheese, shredded

1/2 cup provolone cheese, shredded

1 teaspoon liquid hickory liquid smoke

Blend the cheeses together, sprinkle with the liquid smoke, use as required.

PROSPERITY SANDWICHES

Serves 4

5 tablespoons unsalted butter

8 ounces white mushrooms, trimmed and sliced thin

1 shallot, minced

1/2 teaspoon salt

1/4 cup (4 tablespoons) all-purpose flour

2 cups whole milk

8 ounces Provel cheese, shredded (2 cups)

2 teaspoons Dijon mustard

2 teaspoons Worcestershire sauce

1/2 teaspoon pepper

4 (3/4-inch-thick) slices rustic white bread

8 ounces thinly sliced roast turkey

8 ounces thinly sliced deli ham

2 tomatoes, cored, cut into 8 (1/4-inch-thick) slices, and patted dry

Melt 1 tablespoon butter in large saucepan over medium-high heat. Add mushrooms, shallot, and salt and cook, stirring occasionally, until well browned, 5 to 7 minutes. Transfer to bowl.

Melt remaining 4 tablespoons butter in now-empty saucepan over medium heat. Stir in flour and cook for 1 minute. Slowly whisk in milk and bring to simmer. Reduce heat to low and cook, stirring occasionally, until thickened, 4 to 6 minutes. Off heat, stir in 1/2 cup cheddar, mustard, Worcestershire, and pepper; set aside.

Adjust oven rack 5 inches from broiler element and heat broiler. Line rimmed baking sheet with aluminum foil and spray with vegetable oil spray. Arrange bread slices on prepared baking sheet and broil until toasted, 1 to 2 minutes per side.

Divide mushroom mixture between toasted bread slices. Arrange 2 ounces turkey, 2 ounces ham, and 2 slices tomato over mushrooms on each slice of toast. Spoon 1/2 cup cheese sauce evenly over each sandwich and sprinkle with remaining 1 1/2 cups cheddar. Broil until cheddar is browned, 3 to 5 minutes. Let cool for 5 minutes. Serve.

FROZEN CUSTARD

1 1/2 cups half and half

1 cup granulated sugar

1 whole vanilla bean, split and scraped

5 large egg yolks

1 1/2 cups heavy whipping cream

1.  Heat the half + half, sugar, and  vanilla beans and pod in a medium saucepan over low heat, whisking constantly to avoid a skin forming on the top of the mixture.  Turn off the heat when the mixture is just about ready to start simmering – the mixture should coat the back of a metal spoon.

2.  Beat the egg yolks by hand or in a stand mixer until slightly thick.  Slowly drizzle in about half of the half + half mixture into the eggs, whisking constantly tempering the cream. 

3.  Pour the egg mixture back into the pan with the remaining half + half mixture and heat on low or medium-low heat until thick, stirring constantly.  DO NOT BOIL.

4.  Pour the custard into a bowl with the heavy whipping cream and stir to combine.  Cover with plastic wrap, pressing on the top of the cream mixture.  Chill in the refrigerator for 6 hours or overnight.  

5.  Following the manufacturer's directions, freeze in an ice cream maker until it reaches your desired consistency, about 20-30 minutes.  Place mixture in an airtight container and freeze in freezer to harden for at least 8 hours.

ST. PAUL SANDWICH

4 eggs

Salt and pepper

1 c. Mung bean sprouts

2 scallions, chopped

1 t. Soy sauce

1 t. Worcestershire sauce

1/4 t. Cornstarch

4 Hamburger patties cooked  or 1/4 c. Chopped ham with  1/2 c. Chopped, cooked shrimp

8 slices white bread

Shredded lettuce

Mayonnaise

Bread and butter pickles

Oil for frying

Put 1 T. Cooking oil in a wok and stir fry the bean sprouts and scallions for four to five minutes. Remove and let cool.

Whisk together the eggs, salt and pepper, the sauces and the cornstarch. Fold into the cooled bean sprouts. Stir in the ham and shrimp (if using instead of the hamburger).

Lay out the bread slices, spread well with mayonnaise, and have the shredded lettuce and pickles at the ready.

Put an inch of oil into the wok. Get it hot. Pour in 1/4 c. of the egg mixture. Fry for two minutes, flip and fry one minute more. Remove from oil, let drain, place on a slice of bread, top with the the hot hamburger, lettuce and pickles, serve.